Overview Some of the earliest human settlements are located in Turkey. These major Neolithic sites trace back to the ninth millennium BCE, in particular, Gobekli Tepe, considered the world’s first large-scale place of worship, and Catalhoyuk, considered the world’s first city. The country’s historical treasures also include UNESCO World Heritage sites: Troy, the location of the legendary Trojan War, is in the northwest; Ephesus, with its stunning ancient Greek theater, is on